Cultural Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environments (Unit 3)
Idiom
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Meaning
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Example sentence
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Cat nap
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Brief sleep
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I took a cat nap during the English class.
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Chicken out
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To decide not to do something because you are too frightened
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Are you going to smoke Marijuana or are you going to chicken out?
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Copy cat
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Imitating a celebrity or something popular
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I phone copycat hi phone 5 is on good sale in China.
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Dog days
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A period of inactivity
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These are indeed dog days for Bollywood industry.
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Fishy
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Doubtful, suspicious
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Something is fishy about the accident.
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Have a cow
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Be upset, angry or worried
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Don’t have a cow mom! I will clean my room.
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Hold your horses
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Be patient/ hold on/ wait
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Hold your horses. We haven’t won yet.
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Get the lion’s share
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Get the major share
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The eldest son gets the lion’s share of paternal property.
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In the dog house
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Be in trouble
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Ravi was in the dog house when his father lifted his girlfriend’s call.
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Kill two birds with one stone
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Complete two tasks with one action
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Cycling to work kills two birds with one stone. It saves money and gives you some exercise.
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Let the cat out of the bag
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Reveal a secret
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We planned a surprise party to our mom. But my little sister let the cat out of the bag, meanwhile.
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A little bird told me
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Used when a person wants to hide the source of information
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A little bird told me about your holiday plans to Japan.
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Make a beeline
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Go quickly and directly to someone or somewhere
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I get cross (angry) when people make a beeline at the ATMs and theatres.
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Raining cats and dogs
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Rain heavily
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All flights are cancelled as it has been raining cats and dogs since yesterday.
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Rat race
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The busy modern urban life style
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The family quit the rat race in order to live a peaceful life.
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Smell a rat
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Suspect something
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His wife smelt a rat when he suddenly started working late.
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Straight from the horse’s mouth
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Getting information from the concerned highest authority
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Tomorrow is a holiday! I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth.
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Take the bull by the horns
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Deal decisively with a difficult problem
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The Indian government will have to take the bull by the horns and control corruption.
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Correction of sentences
1.Kareena is the only one of those students who have lived up to the expectations of her teachers.
Kareena is the only one of those students who has lived up to the expectations of her teachers.
2.One of my uncles has bought me this watch.(correct)
3.Summer holidays, which are usually declared by the principal, has not been announced yet.
Summer holidays, which are usually declared by the principal, have not been announced yet.
Not only the students but also the teacher has been called by the director.
5.Most of the milk has gone bad. Four litres of milk are still in the freezer.
Much of the milk has gone bad. Four litres of milk is still in the freezer.
6.The students and the teachers each wishes for a new auditorium.
The students and the teachers each wish for a new auditorium.
7.A large number of customers is standing at the ATMs.
A large number of customers are standing at the ATMs.
8.Three years are a long time to be away from our families.
Three years is a long time to be away from our families.
9.Physics are my favourite subject.
Physics is my favourite subject.
10.With demonetization, the economics of the country has changed drastically.(correct)
The Lottery (Unit 4)
Vocabulary
Use the words (in adjective and adverb forms) in the sentences of your own
Profusely (adv.): He profusely apologized to his staff.
Profuse (adj.): He offered profuse apologies to his staff.
Quietly (adv.): He wept quietly at the loss of his wife.
Quiet (adj.): He recollected the quiet moments he had with his wife.
Reluctantly (adv.): The student reluctantly started to read.
Reluctant (adj.): The student was reluctant to read.
Uneasily (adv.): I shifted uneasily in the chair.
Uneasy (adj.): I was uneasy in the chair.
Regretful (adj.): The son offered regretful apologies for not looking after his parents.
Nervously (adv.): She spoke nervously at the seminar.
Nervous (adj.): She gave a nervous speech at the seminar.
Hastily (adv.): The government has hastily taken the decision of demonetization.
Hasty (adj.): The government has made a hasty decision of demonetization.
Precisely (adv.): The price of commodities is precisely given.
Precise (adj.): The precise price of the commodities is given.
Willingly (adv.): The man has willingly given up drinking.
Willing (adj.): The man’s was a willing decision to give up drinking.
Defiantly (adv.): The opposition leader has defiantly made his points in the Assembly.
Defiant (adj.): The opposition leader made defiant points in the Assembly.
Correction of sentences
1.We are much interested in visiting your house.
We are very interested in visiting your house.
2.Never she has sung so well.
Never has she sung so well.
3.He nicely played piano.
He played the piano nicely.
4.I felt so lonely.
I felt so alone.
5.It is bitter cold.
It is bitterly cold.
6.The movie is too interesting.
The movie is very interesting.
7.He is so poor to pay the examination fee. (correct)
8.I am very much sorry.
I am very sorry.
9.He is not clever enough to solve the problem. (correct)
10.Before long, not many people lived here.
Not before long, many people lived here.
11.We arrived at midnight after a few hours.
We arrived a few hours after midnight.
12.Soon she goes, the good.
Soon she goes, the well.
13.I was little tired.
I was a little tired.
14.He sang so loud.
He sang so loudly.
15. She was almost standing near the door.
She was standing almost near the door.
The Health Threats of Climate Change (Unit 5)
Correction of sentences
1.We discussed about the cyclone.
We discussed the cyclone.
2.Immediately we reached at the airport.
Immediately we reached the airport.
3.I have ordered for his dismissal.
I have ordered his dismissal.
4.Vikas married with his friend’s sister.
Vikas married his friend’s sister.
5.Many students entered into the hall very late.
Many students entered the hall very late.
6.She resembles to her father.
She resembles her father.
7.This candidate is intelligent, but lacks of experience.
This candidate is intelligent, but lacks experience.
8.What is the time in your watch?
What is the time by your watch?
9.They have travelled to Tirupati in train.
They have travelled to Tirupati by train.
10.The board members were pleased at me.
The board members were pleased with me.
11.She was trembling by rage.
She was trembling from rage.
12.We all congratulated her for her success in the project.
We all congratulated her on her success in the project.
13.Who is in the phone?
Who is on the phone?
14.I watched an interesting show at TV.
I watched an interesting show on TV.
15.Will you see me on next Friday?
Will you see me next Friday?
16.She is just the right height to be a police constable.
She is just the right height for a police constable.
17.Are you going to home now?
Are you going home now?
18.The ball slowly rolled into the goal.(correct)
19.I don’t care for your opinion.
I don’t care your opinion.
20.She has been ill since two weeks.
She has been ill for two weeks.
21.The manager suggested me to take leave.
The manager suggested that I take leave.
22.He is junior than me.
He is junior to me.
23. This is the worst storm in ten years. (correct)
24.She sent the letter to me on my old address.
She sent the letter to my address.
25.The loud music prevented me to sleep.
The loud music prevented me from sleep(ing).
s.no
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Phrase
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One-word Substitute
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1
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Detailed plan of journey
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Itinerary
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2
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A person of long experience
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Veteran
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3
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A small enclosure for cattle, sheep, poultry etc.
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Pen
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4
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One who escorts
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Outriders
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5
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Exclusive possession of the trade in some commodity
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Monopoly
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6
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One who studies stars, planets and other heavenly bodies.
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Astronomer
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7
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A building in which monks live
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Monastery
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8
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Government formed by the people.
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Democracy
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9
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An assembly of listeners
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Audience
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10
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One who believes in a single God.
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Monotheist
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11
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An act of self-examination.
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Introspection
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12
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One who changes sides
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Turncoat
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13
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One who loves books
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Bibliophile
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14
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Government by the new/ inexperienced
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Neocracy
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15
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Killing of a human being
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Murder
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16
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Composed of people from all over the world
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Cosmopolitan
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17
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One who is incapable of making a mistake
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Infallible
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18
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One who always runs away from danger
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Timid
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19
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A tank for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals.
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Aquarium
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20
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A narrative poem in short stanzas
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Ballad
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21
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Person who rules without consulting the opinion of others
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Autocrat
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22
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Destroyer of religious images/ icons
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Iconoclast
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23
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A grant of ownership
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Patent
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24
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A person who is womanish/ unmasculine
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Effeminate
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25
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A word opposite in meaning
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Antonym
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26
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A huge mass of snow moving slowly down the valley and slopes
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Glacier
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27
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One who believes in fate
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Fatalist
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28
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A speech delivered without any previous preparation
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Extempore
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29
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Speech or language that is difficult to understand
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Jargon
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30
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One who is devoted to sensual pleasures (eating, drinking..)
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Epicure
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31
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Indifference to pleasure or pain
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Stoic
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32
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A style in which a writer makes a display of his knowledge
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Pedantic
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33
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One who talks in sleep
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Somniloquy
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34
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Government by one person
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Autocracy
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35
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A place for the sick to regain health
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Sanatorium
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36
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One who has varied skills and talents
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Versatile
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37
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One who represents a state in a foreign country
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Ambassador
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38
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A learned person
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Scholar
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39
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Remains of prehistoric animal or plant preserved by being buried
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Fossils
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40
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One who exists at the same time as another
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Contemporary
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41
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One who can speak two languages
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Bilingual
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42
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Killing of an infant
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Infanticide
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43
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One who copies the writings of others
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Plagiarist
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44
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One who is all powerful
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Omnipotent
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45
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Absence of the government in a country
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Anarchy
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46
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That which can be easily broken
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Fragile/ brittle
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47
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Persons working in the same department
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Colleagues
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48
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Loss of memory (forgetfulness)
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Amnesia
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49
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Violation of sacred things
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Sacrilege
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The Chief Software Architect (Unit 6)
Correction of sentences
1.Didn’t know what actually happened. Just happened to hear the noise.
I Didn’t know what actually happened. I Just happened to hear the noise.
2.Did you read the novel.Sons and Lovers by Lawrence.
Did you read the novel ‘Sons and Lovers’ by Lawrence?
3.I didn’t go with for the movie. Though I had enough money.
I didn’t go for the movie, though I had enough money.
4.A must-see movie. We need to watch it next week.
It’s a must-watch movie. We need to watch it next week.
5.Felt like having a sweet. Immediately went out to buy some rasgullas.
I felt like having a sweet. So, I immediately went out to buy some rasgullas.
6.Very good to wear it. The sweater was warm.
It’s very good to wear it, the sweater was warm.
7. This drink very bitter. But that one sweet.
This drink is very bitter. But that one is sweet.
8.He has a sister. Who is very pretty.
He has a sister, who is very pretty.
9.Prem bought a book. That he wanted to read for a long time.
Prem bought a book. He wanted to read that for a long time.
10. Have no idea what he actually wants.
I have no idea what he actually wants.
11.Bread and butter are my usual breakfast.
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.
12.The news that he is corrupt are not true.
The news that he is corrupt is not true.
13.25 kilometers is a long way to go by cycle/bicycle.
14.Either Krishna or his parents knows the news.
Either Krishna or his parents know the news.
15.Neither of the kids is playing cricket. (correct)
16.Don’t you think two thousand rupees are high for this pair of shoes?
Don’t you think two thousand rupees is high for this pair of shoes?
17.When I reached his house, there was a lot of people surrounding him.
When I reached his house, there were a lot of people surrounding him.
18.One of the policemen were shot dead in the firing.
One of the policemen was shot dead in the firing.
19.Physics was my favourite subject at school. (correct)
20.Here stays all my relatives.
Here stay all my relatives.
21.If the library limited its membership, it will have to raise its membership fee.
If the library limits its membership, it will have to raise its membership fee.
22.By the time he reached playground, all his friends have left.
By the time he reached playground, all his friends had left.
23.After the principal spoke about cleanliness of surroundings, all the volunteers had started cleaning ground.
After the principal spoke about cleanliness of surroundings, all the volunteers started cleaning ground.
24.As Rani puts in her contact lenses, the doorbell rang.
As Rani puts in her contact lenses, the doorbell rings.
25.The speaker usually asks for questions as soon as he has finished his lecture.
The speaker usually asks for questions as soon as he finishes his lecture.
26.Sujatha was terribly disappointed with the feedback on her cooking because she worked very hard.
Sujatha was terribly disappointed with the feedback on her cooking because she had worked very hard.
27.We all hope she would survive.
We all hope she will survive.
28.Prem wants to donate all the money to an orphanage he earned last summer.
Prem wants to donate all the money, he earned last summer, to an orphanage.
29.The student insisted that he has paid the fee long back.
The student insisted that he had paid the fee long back.
30.The doctor advised bed rest for the patient, who suffers from a back ache.
The doctor advises bed rest for the patient, who suffers from
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