Cultural Shock:
Adjustment to New Cultural Environments (Unit 3)
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Idiom
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Meaning
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Example sentence
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Cat nap
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Brief sleep
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I took a cat nap during the English
class.
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Chicken out
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To decide not to do something because
you are too frightened
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Are you going to smoke Marijuana or
are you going to chicken out?
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Copy cat
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Imitating a celebrity or something
popular
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I phone copycat hi phone 5 is on good
sale in China.
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Dog days
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A period of inactivity
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These are indeed dog days for
Bollywood industry.
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Fishy
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Doubtful, suspicious
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Something is fishy about the accident.
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Have a cow
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Be upset, angry or worried
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Don’t have a cow mom! I will clean my
room.
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Hold your horses
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Be patient/ hold on/ wait
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Hold your horses. We haven’t won yet.
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Get the lion’s share
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Get the major share
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The eldest son gets the lion’s share
of paternal property.
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In the dog house
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Be in trouble
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Ravi was in the dog house when his
father lifted his girlfriend’s call.
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Kill two birds with one stone
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Complete two tasks with one action
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Cycling to work kills two birds with
one stone. It saves money and gives you some exercise.
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Let the cat out of the bag
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Reveal a secret
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We planned a surprise party to our
mom. But my little sister let the cat out of the bag, meanwhile.
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A little bird told me
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Used when a person wants to hide the
source of information
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A little bird told me about your
holiday plans to Japan.
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Make a beeline
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Go quickly and directly to someone or
somewhere
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I get cross (angry) when people make a
beeline at the ATMs and theatres.
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Raining cats and dogs
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Rain heavily
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All flights are cancelled as it has
been raining cats and dogs since yesterday.
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Rat race
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The busy modern urban life style
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The family quit the rat race in order
to live a peaceful life.
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Smell a rat
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Suspect something
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His wife smelt a rat when he suddenly
started working late.
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Straight from the horse’s mouth
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Getting information from the concerned
highest authority
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Tomorrow is a holiday! I heard it
straight from the horse’s mouth.
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Take the bull by the horns
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Deal decisively with a difficult
problem
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The Indian government will have to
take the bull by the horns and control corruption.
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Correction of sentences
1.Kareena
is the only one of those students who have lived up to the expectations of her
teachers.
Kareena is the only one of those students who has
lived up to the expectations of her teachers.
2.One
of my uncles has bought me this watch.(correct)
3.Summer
holidays, which are usually declared by the principal, has not been announced
yet.
Summer holidays, which are usually
declared by the principal, have not been announced yet.
Not
only the students but also the teacher has been called by the director.
5.Most
of the milk has gone bad. Four litres of milk are still in the freezer.
Much of the milk has gone bad. Four
litres of milk is still in the freezer.
6.The
students and the teachers each wishes for a new auditorium.
The students and the teachers each wish
for a new auditorium.
7.A
large number of customers is standing at the ATMs.
A large number of customers are
standing at the ATMs.
8.Three
years are a long time to be away from our families.
Three years is a long time to be away
from our families.
9.Physics
are my favourite subject.
Physics is my favourite subject.
10.With
demonetization, the economics of the country has changed drastically.(correct)
The Lottery
(Unit 4)
Vocabulary
Use the words
(in adjective and adverb forms) in the sentences of your own
Profusely (adv.): He profusely apologized to his
staff.
Profuse (adj.): He offered profuse apologies to his
staff.
Quietly (adv.): He wept quietly at the loss of his
wife.
Quiet (adj.): He recollected the quiet moments he
had with his wife.
Reluctantly (adv.): The student reluctantly started
to read.
Reluctant (adj.): The student was reluctant to read.
Uneasily (adv.): I shifted uneasily in the chair.
Uneasy (adj.): I was uneasy in the chair.
Regretful (adj.): The son offered regretful
apologies for not looking after his parents.
Nervously (adv.): She spoke nervously at the
seminar.
Nervous (adj.): She gave a nervous speech at the
seminar.
Hastily (adv.): The government has hastily taken the
decision of demonetization.
Hasty (adj.): The government has made a hasty
decision of demonetization.
Precisely (adv.): The price of commodities is
precisely given.
Precise (adj.): The precise price of the commodities
is given.
Willingly (adv.): The man has willingly given up
drinking.
Willing (adj.): The man’s was a willing decision to
give up drinking.
Defiantly (adv.): The opposition leader has
defiantly made his points in the Assembly.
Defiant (adj.): The opposition leader made defiant
points in the Assembly.
Correction of
sentences
1.We are much
interested in visiting your house.
We are very interested in visiting
your house.
2.Never
she has sung so well.
Never has she sung so well.
3.He
nicely played piano.
He played the piano nicely.
4.I
felt so lonely.
I felt so alone.
5.It
is bitter cold.
It is bitterly cold.
6.The
movie is too interesting.
The movie is very interesting.
7.He
is so poor to pay the examination fee. (correct)
8.I
am very much sorry.
I am very sorry.
9.He
is not clever enough to solve the problem. (correct)
10.Before
long, not many people lived here.
Not before long, many people
lived here.
11.We
arrived at midnight after a few hours.
We arrived a few hours after
midnight.
12.Soon
she goes, the good.
Soon she goes, the well.
13.I
was little tired.
I was a little tired.
14.He
sang so loud.
He sang so loudly.
15.
She was almost standing near the door.
She was standing almost near the
door.
The Health
Threats of Climate Change (Unit 5)
Correction of
sentences
1.We
discussed about the cyclone.
We discussed the cyclone.
2.Immediately
we reached at the airport.
Immediately
we reached the airport.
3.I
have ordered for his dismissal.
I have ordered his dismissal.
4.Vikas
married with his friend’s sister.
Vikas married his friend’s sister.
5.Many
students entered into the hall very late.
Many students entered the hall very late.
6.She
resembles to her father.
She resembles her father.
7.This
candidate is intelligent, but lacks of experience.
This candidate is intelligent, but
lacks experience.
8.What is the time in
your watch?
What is the time by your watch?
9.They
have travelled to Tirupati in train.
They have travelled to Tirupati by
train.
10.The
board members were pleased at me.
The board members were pleased with me.
11.She
was trembling by rage.
She was trembling from
rage.
12.We
all congratulated her for her success in the project.
We all congratulated her on
her success in the project.
13.Who
is in the phone?
Who is on the phone?
14.I
watched an interesting show at TV.
I watched an interesting show on TV.
15.Will
you see me on next Friday?
Will you see me next Friday?
16.She
is just the right height to be a police constable.
She is just the right height for a police
constable.
17.Are
you going to home now?
Are you going home now?
18.The
ball slowly rolled into the goal.(correct)
19.I
don’t care for your opinion.
I don’t care your opinion.
20.She
has been ill since two weeks.
She has been ill for two weeks.
21.The
manager suggested me to take leave.
The manager suggested that I
take leave.
22.He
is junior than me.
He is junior to me.
23.
This is the worst storm in ten years. (correct)
24.She
sent the letter to me on my old address.
She sent the letter to my
address.
25.The
loud music prevented me to sleep.
The loud music prevented me
from sleep(ing).
|
s.no
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Phrase
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One-word
Substitute
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1
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Detailed plan of journey
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Itinerary
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2
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A person of long experience
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Veteran
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3
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A small enclosure for cattle, sheep,
poultry etc.
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Pen
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4
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One who escorts
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Outriders
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5
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Exclusive possession of the trade in
some commodity
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Monopoly
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6
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One who studies stars, planets and
other heavenly bodies.
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Astronomer
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7
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A building in which monks live
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Monastery
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8
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Government formed by the people.
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Democracy
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9
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An assembly of listeners
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Audience
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10
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One who believes in a single God.
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Monotheist
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11
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An act of self-examination.
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Introspection
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12
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One who changes sides
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Turncoat
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13
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One who loves books
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Bibliophile
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14
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Government by the new/ inexperienced
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Neocracy
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15
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Killing of a human being
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Murder
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16
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Composed of people from all over the
world
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Cosmopolitan
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17
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One who is incapable of making a mistake
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Infallible
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18
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One who always runs away from danger
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Timid
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19
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A tank for keeping live fish or other
aquatic animals.
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Aquarium
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20
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A narrative poem in short stanzas
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Ballad
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21
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Person who rules without consulting
the opinion of others
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Autocrat
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22
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Destroyer of religious images/ icons
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Iconoclast
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23
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A grant of ownership
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Patent
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24
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A person who is womanish/ unmasculine
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Effeminate
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25
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A word opposite in meaning
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Antonym
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26
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A huge mass of snow moving slowly down
the valley and slopes
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Glacier
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27
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One who believes in fate
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Fatalist
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28
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A speech delivered without any
previous preparation
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Extempore
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29
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Speech or language that is difficult
to understand
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Jargon
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30
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One who is devoted to sensual
pleasures (eating, drinking..)
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Epicure
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31
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Indifference to pleasure or pain
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Stoic
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32
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A style in which a writer makes a
display of his knowledge
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Pedantic
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33
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One who talks in sleep
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Somniloquy
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34
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Government by one person
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Autocracy
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35
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A place for the sick to regain health
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Sanatorium
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36
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One who has varied skills and talents
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Versatile
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37
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One who represents a state in a
foreign country
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Ambassador
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38
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A learned person
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Scholar
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39
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Remains of prehistoric animal or plant
preserved by being buried
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Fossils
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40
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One who exists at the same time as
another
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Contemporary
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41
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One who can speak two languages
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Bilingual
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42
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Killing of an infant
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Infanticide
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43
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One who copies the writings of others
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Plagiarist
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44
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One who is all powerful
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Omnipotent
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45
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Absence of the government in a country
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Anarchy
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46
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That which can be easily broken
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Fragile/ brittle
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47
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Persons working in the same department
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Colleagues
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48
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Loss of memory (forgetfulness)
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Amnesia
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49
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Violation of sacred things
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Sacrilege
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The Chief
Software Architect (Unit 6)
Correction of
sentences
1.Didn’t know what
actually happened. Just happened to hear the noise.
I Didn’t know what actually
happened. I Just happened to hear the noise.
2.Did you read the
novel.Sons and Lovers by Lawrence.
Did you read the novel ‘Sons
and Lovers’ by Lawrence?
3.I didn’t go with for
the movie. Though I had enough money.
I didn’t go for the movie,
though I had enough money.
4.A must-see movie. We
need to watch it next week.
It’s a must-watch movie. We need to watch it next
week.
5.Felt like having a sweet.
Immediately went out to buy some rasgullas.
I felt like having a
sweet. So, I immediately went out to buy some rasgullas.
6.Very good to wear it.
The sweater was warm.
It’s very good to wear it,
the sweater was warm.
7. This drink very
bitter. But that one sweet.
This drink is very bitter.
But that one is sweet.
8.He has a sister. Who
is very pretty.
He has a sister, who is very
pretty.
9.Prem bought a book.
That he wanted to read for a long time.
Prem bought a book. He wanted
to read that for a long time.
10. Have no idea what
he actually wants.
I have no idea what he actually wants.
11.Bread and butter are
my usual breakfast.
Bread and butter is my usual breakfast.
12.The news that he is
corrupt are not true.
The news that he is corrupt is not true.
13.25 kilometers is a
long way to go by cycle/bicycle.
14.Either Krishna or
his parents knows the news.
Either Krishna or his parents know the
news.
15.Neither of the kids
is playing cricket. (correct)
16.Don’t you think two
thousand rupees are high for this pair of shoes?
Don’t you think two thousand rupees
is high for this pair of shoes?
17.When I reached his
house, there was a lot of people surrounding him.
When I reached his house,
there were a lot of people surrounding him.
18.One of the policemen
were shot dead in the firing.
One of the policemen was shot dead in the
firing.
19.Physics was my
favourite subject at school. (correct)
20.Here stays all my
relatives.
Here stay all my relatives.
21.If the library
limited its membership, it will have to raise its membership fee.
If the library limits its
membership, it will have to raise its membership fee.
22.By the time he
reached playground, all his friends have left.
By the time he reached
playground, all his friends had left.
23.After the principal
spoke about cleanliness of surroundings, all the volunteers had started
cleaning ground.
After the principal spoke about cleanliness
of surroundings, all the volunteers started cleaning ground.
24.As Rani puts in her
contact lenses, the doorbell rang.
As Rani puts in her contact lenses,
the doorbell rings.
25.The speaker usually
asks for questions as soon as he has finished his lecture.
The speaker usually asks for
questions as soon as he finishes his lecture.
26.Sujatha was terribly
disappointed with the feedback on her cooking because she worked very hard.
Sujatha was terribly disappointed with
the feedback on her cooking because she had worked very hard.
27.We all hope she
would survive.
We all hope she will survive.
28.Prem wants to donate
all the money to an orphanage he earned last summer.
Prem wants to donate all the money, he
earned last summer, to an orphanage.
29.The student insisted
that he has paid the fee long back.
The student insisted that he had
paid the fee long back.
30.The doctor advised
bed rest for the patient, who suffers from a back ache.
The doctor advises bed rest for
the patient, who suffers from a back ache.
Mam, we are eagerly waiting R19 Infotech English key.
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